Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) operates like other, more familiar radar systems such as police or weather radar. A radio frequency signal is transmitted into the earth and reflected back from interfaces in the path of the signal at which changes in the electrical properties (dielectric constant) of the subsurface materials occur.  GPR provides a continuous profile of the subsurface.

GPR allows for the collection of large amounts of data in a short period of time, making it a cost-effective method for many projects.  GPR is commonly used in conjunction with other geophysical techniques such as magnetic, electromagnetic induction, and seismic refraction.


General Applications Specific Applications
  • construction / engineering projects
  • environmental audits and site assessments
  • evaluation of active / inactive industrial sites
  • public / private remedial investigations and feasibility studies
  • geological studies
  • archaeological studies
  • determine the location, dimensions, and burial depth of drums, underground storage tanks, and utilities
  • locate contaminant plumes
  • delineate waste pits, trenches, landfill edges
  • determine the location of old foundations
  • locate voids in bridge decks, airport runways, dams, and roadways
  • determine water table and bedrock depths
  • detect sinkholes in karst terrain

As the GPR antenna is moved across the surface, it transmits electromagnetic signals into the sub-surface and receives reflections which are then amplified, processed, and displayed in real-time on a graphic recorder and a color video monitor. The GPR data are also recorded on tape for later playback and processing.

the SIR-2 ground penetrating radar system, manufactured by Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc (www.geophysical.com)

Experience and equipment are critical in order to derive the full benefit from the ground penetrating radar technique. At Hager-Richter, we have the experience and resources to provide you with reliable guidance and accurate data.
Experience is crucial in the analysis and interpretation of GPR data, and especially in evaluating the feasibility of GPR investigations where site-specific limitations are present.

Our state-of-the-art equipment complements our experience, often overcomes site limitations, and enhances the quality of our work. We own a full complement of antennas for different resolutions and exploration depths. Our color video field monitor allows us to compensate for amplitude differences and quickly adjust our field procedures to obtain the best data possible. Our survey wheel automatically triggers the placement of markers at equal intervals, thereby increasing the accuracy of survey distances. The processing software we use allows us to modify the way data are displayed and to filter out extraneous noise, providing us with a clearer view of subsurface conditions.
 

GPR Case Study

Problem:  A county airport authority in a Mid-Atlantic state wished to inventory all underground storage tanks (USTs), some dating back to World War II, on airport lands. The objective was to determine whether any tanks were leaking and possibly contaminating vulnerable aquifers. The number of tanks was unknown, and the 1,400-acre size of the site compounded the problem.

Solution:  Our client conducted a historical search that narrowed the areas for geophysical investigation to about 250 acres, on which over 100 buildings were present. We then completed the surveys in a period of three months using two geophysical techniques. The first phase of geophysical investigation was a reconnaissance magnetic survey, consisting of data collection at over 10,000 stations. In the second phase, a GPR survey was focused in areas of magnetic anomalies and near the buildings. Over 140,000 linear feet of GPR profiling located 57 USTs and documented their dimensions and depth of burial.